In the response phase the most important step is to assess disaster after occurrence. By disaster ASSESSMENT, we can obtain all the needed information for controlling, decision-making and also disaster planning. Lack of disaster ASSESSMENT causes you to make unsuitable decisions based on limited or inadequate data which leads to imperfect disaster response. According to IFRC, disaster response operation will have an unsuitable function without disaster ASSESSMENT. This paper presents the principles and concepts of disaster ASSESSMENT.

Background and Objective: Periodic ASSESSMENT is a useful strategy for analyzing the situation of NUTRITION research, and its results would help direct any future study. This study was conducted to assess Farsi NUTRITION articles in Iranian scientific journals, during 2006-2011 on the basis of the study design, publication type and subject headings.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, Farsi articles during 2006-2011 were searched and collected using “Iran's NUTRITION Publication abstracts” database, and their study design, publication type and subject headings were determined. The data were analyzed using X2, PASW Statistics 18 to find the significant differences of the study design, publication type and subject headings of the selected articles.Results: The number of Farsi articles was 1518. There was a maximum number of original research articles (98.7%); while, the number of systematic reviews was only two. "Clinical NUTRITION" (42.1%) and "techniques and methods" (3.4%) were the most and the least frequent topics respectively. The most frequent articles in study design were descriptives then trials. There was no significant difference in publication patterns of the study design, publication type and subject headings of the articles.Conclusion: Although the number of descriptive research articles has decreased during this period, it is still more than that of analytical articles. The consistent pattern of study design, publication type and subjects, beside the high number of descriptive publications show the necessity of revising the NUTRITION research policies.

Self-reported measures of dietary intake are prone to measurement error that may obscure the relationship of diet and disease. This review addresses strategies to decrease errors during collection of dietary data and statistical approaches to deal with measurement issues once the data are collected. Examples from two US studies--the Women’ s Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification Trial and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) have been used. Approaches to manage biases during the collection of data include home visits to assess actual portion sizes of foods consumed, early detection of random and systematic error, and technology-based tools to capture dietary intake. The discussion of the WHI and HCHS/SOL ancillary studies illustrates appropriate use of calibration and biomarkers. Biomarkers of interest include both recovery (doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen, sodium, and potassium), and predictive biomarkers such as total sugars. Discussion of blood concentration biomarkers such as folate, tocopherols and carotenoids and novel biomarkers will supplement this review. Once data are collected, biomarker calibration is an approach to deal with measurement error. Here the discussion of statistical methods includes the development of regression calibration equations that use both biomarkers and self-report measures along with pertinent participant characteristics; and hazard ratios (ratio of incidence rates) based on Cox regression for assessing diet-disease associations with biomarkers. This review concludes with approaches applicable to NUTRITION research in the context of Iran.

Background and Objectives: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestine. This condition leads to gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and extraintestinal manifestations, including growth failure, osteopenia, and anemia, posing serious consequences for the health and development of children. The only way to manage this disease is to adhere to a gluten-free diet. Numerous studies have reported conflicting results regarding NUTRITIONal deficiencies in children with celiac disease and the impact of a gluten-free diet on these deficiencies. The present study aimed to describe micronutrient deficiencies and propose strategies for the improvement of these deficiencies in children with celiac disease. Materials and Methods: Online database searches were performed until December 2024. The keywords employed included "celiac disease," "NUTRITIONal status," "vitamins," "minerals," "nutrients," "gluten-free diet," "children," "micronutrients," and "malNUTRITION." Studies were initially selected based on their titles, followed by an evaluation of the abstracts, and subsequently, a thorough review of the full texts of the articles. Results: Children with celiac disease commonly experience deficiencies in micronutrients, such as iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, which arise from malabsorption and the atrophy of intestinal villi. These deficiencies may persist even after the initiation of treatment, as the elimination of gluten-containing grains, particularly enriched breads, can lead to NUTRITIONal imbalances. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, monitoring NUTRITIONal status and adhering to a balanced gluten-free diet is essential. Furthermore, referral to a NUTRITIONist for education and ongoing ASSESSMENT of the NUTRITIONal status of children with celiac disease is of utmost importance.